If you are using Internet or almost any computer network you will likely using IPv4 packets. IPv4 uses 32-bit source and destination address fields. We are actually running out of addresses but have ...

It would have been so easy if the early Internet and TCP/IP network designers had made IPv6 backward compatible with IPv4. They didn't. In 1981, IPv4's 32-bit 4.3 billion addresses look more than ...

Rate your favorite Cisco Press books. Years of innovation and work to continuously improve various transport technologies and network elements led operators to have high expectations of their networks ...

We just saw that the mask determines where the boundary between the network and host portions of the IP address lies. This boundary is important: If it is set too far to the right, there are lots of ...

Today, the standard methods for moving the network/host address boundary are variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) for host addressing and routing inside a routing domain, and classless interdomain ...

Internet Protocol (IP) is the foundation of the internet, enabling communication between devices across the globe. Without an IP address, the Internet will simply not work because the data will not ...

Twenty years ago, the fastest Internet backbone links were 1.5Mbps. Today we argue whether that’s a fast enough minimum to connect home users. In 1993, 1.3 million machines were connected to the ...

Discussion around the coming transition from IPv4 to IPv6 has heated up over the past year. Here’s what you need to know. Mike Hannah is product development manager, Ethernet & Infrastructure, for ...

Many enterprises use OSPF version 2 for their internal IPv4 routing protocol. OSPF has gone through changes over the years and the protocol has been adapted to work with IPv6. As organizations start ...

Almost from inception, the adoption and usage of the internet have grown at a rapid rate. Various sources estimate a growth rate of around 9% per year to nearly 5 billion users in 2021, more than ...