Have you ever needed to power a 12-volt relay in a circuit but only had 6 or 9 volts available? This simple circuit will solve that problem. It allows 12-volt relays to be operated from 6 or 9 volts, ...

As you can see in the schematic the 12V battery (or use other voltages) is connected with the plus at terminal T1 and minus at terminal T2. The contact 1 and 4 are connected together as 2 and 3 are ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...