In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Using CMOS Gates to create crystal oscillators is cost-effective and gives the designer more control over the parameters. To view the application note, click on the URL below. Circuit selected for www ...

When a CMOS circuit is in an idle state there is still some static power dissipation–a result of leakage current through nominally off transistors. Both nMOS and pMOS transistors used in CMOS logic ...

A photograph of the developed prototype. The system is designed such that the spintronic probabilistic bit comprising a stochastic magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) [left] generates a physical random ...