While in vivo animal models are commonly employed for pharmacokinetic studies, they are often expensive, low in throughpu,t and typically fail to accurately replicate key characteristics of the human ...

In vivo, the intestinal epithelium interacts with the neighboring environment through complex crosstalk, which involves components such as the immune system, tissue microenvironment, and gut microbes.

Intestinal tuft cells divide to make new cells when immunological cues trigger them. Additionally, in contrast to progenitor- and stem cells, tuft cells can survive severe injury such as irradiation ...

Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co., Ltd. The small intestine is not only essential for digestion and nutrient absorption but also for immune regulation and maintaining a balanced microbial ...