Rear spindles of passenger cars have usually been made by hot forging medium carbon steels. But in recent years, they have gradually been replaced with cold forgings. In spite of the efficiency ...

Developments in near-net-shape forging processes promise to enhance engine performance, strengthen components for oil and gas drilling and improve hermetic seals for high-power semiconductors.

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Titanium is strong and light, with the highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metal. But giving it a good balance of strength and ductility is difficult and expensive. That’s why titanium is used ...